Comparison between tension band and cerclage with X-Plate and lag screws in treatment of comminuted patellar fractures

BackgroundComminuted patellar fractures are not rare, and the ideal treatment method remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate effects and compare complications of two different methods used to treat comminuted patellar fractures.MethodsFrom March 2010 to August 2016, 102 cases of 34-C2 or 34-C3 comminuted patellar fractures were treated at our hospital, wherein patients received two different treatments: titanium cable tension band with cerclage method (group A) and intrafragmentary screws with X-shaped plating technique (group B). At follow-ups, articular step-off, range of motion (ROM), Lysholm scores, time of union, and complications were recorded and analyzed. Radiographic and clinical data as well as rate of complications were statistically analyzed.ResultsIn total, 87 patients were included in the final analysis (n = 47 in group A and n = 40 in group B). No significant differences were noted in terms of cost of implant, age, gender, rate of 34-C3 fractures, rate of layered inferior pole fractures, postoperative articular step-off and union time. At 2-year follow-up, average Lysholm scores, ROM and rate of complications were (89.0 ± 4.5), (122°±12°) and (27.7%) in group A and (90.2 ± 3.9), (124°±11°) and (17.5%) in group B, respectively, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The mean time of surgery in group B was shorter than that in group A with significant difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTreatment using the intrafragmentary screws and plate method for amenable comminuted patellar fractures achieved similar complication rate and favorable functional outcomes at the 2-year follow-up, which was comparable to the titanium cable tension band with cerclage method. Thus, the intrafragmentary screws and plate method is effective, safe and convenient for 34-C2/C3 comminuted patellar fractures, especially appropriate for patients with layered fragments.     

浮肩损伤的临床特征和治疗

目的 总结浮肩损伤（floating shoulder injury，FSI）的临床特征和治疗效果。方法1993年1月-2004年9月收治浮肩损伤患者8例，除2例行锁骨固定带固定外，其余6例均行手术治疗，其中单纯行锁骨切开复位重建钢板内固定1例，同时行肩胛骨内固定5例。受伤至手术时间为2h～7d，平均3．5d，术后6个月对患肩功能进行Constant评分判定疗效，并对浮肩损伤的临床特征和治疗进行总结。结果6例患者经过6个月～3年（平均11个月）的随访，锁骨和肩胛骨骨折均愈合，肩关节活动范围无明显受限，但有2例患者在举重物时肩关节有轻度的疼痛，1例患侧上肢肌力较对侧稍减弱。术后6个月患肩功能Constant评分平均为93分。结论浮肩损伤多为高能量暴力所致的不稳定性肩胛带损伤，在治疗方案上尚存争议。但对移位明显的浮肩损伤以及有伴发伤的浮肩损伤进行手术治疗是必要的。     

羧甲基纤维素预防术后粘连的研究进展

目的 了解羧甲基纤维素（carboxymethylcellulose，CMC）预防术后粘连研究的进展。方法 广泛查阅近年来的相关文献，对CMC的理化特性、预防粘连的机制、吻合口愈合的影响以及在动物实验／临床上的应用效果进行综述。结果 CMC是一种组织相容性良好、可生物降解及理化特性稳定，能有效预防术后粘连的多糖类化合物。结论 CMC用于预防术后粘连具有较为广阔的前景。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症后路术后C5神经根麻痹

目的：探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症（OPLL）术后C5神经根麻痹的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法：2000年3月至2005年1月．采用后路减压手术治疗OPLL患者157例．其中9例术后卅现C5神经根麻痹。回顾性分析9例患者的临床资料，所有患者术后均进行功能康复训练，其中5例患者给予高压氧辅助治疗，随访观察预后情况。结果：本组C5神经根麻痹的发生率为5．7％．包括单开门椎管成形术2例、全椎板切除减压术7例。其临床表现为三角肌、肱二头肌肌力下降至1～2级，肩部及上臂外侧感觉障碍，肱二头肌腱反射减弱或消失。随访1～4年，9例患者的肌力均恢复至3～4级，7例感觉恢复正常。结论：C5神经根麻痹是颈椎后路手术治疗OPLL的并发症之一，经过功能康复训练等保守治疗后肌力、感觉均可获得一定恢复。     

腰椎疾患对男性性功能影响的临床观察

目的:探讨腰椎疾患对男性性功能的影响和心理干预治疗的效果.方法:157例伴有性功能障碍的男性腰椎疾患患者分为单纯腰椎疾患组(82例,A组)和继发马尾神经综合征组(75例,B组),治疗前填写国际勃起功能指数评分表(IIEF-5)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ),同时行球海绵体肌反射(BCR)、坐骨海绵体肌反射(ICR)、阴茎背神经体感诱发电位(SSEP)潜伏期、波幅的检测.A组患者分为对照组和心理干预组;B组患者经临床分为早、中、晚期后再分为对照组和心理干预组.对照组均给予手术治疗.心理干预组除了手术治疗外,同时给予心理干预治疗.治疗后再次采用IIEF-5和BCR、ICR、SSEP检测,并与治疗前进行统计比较.结果:A组患者性功能障碍主要为轻度勃起功能障碍(ED),而B组患者主要为重度ED.A组患者BCR、ICR、SSEP检测结果同正常值相比无显著性差异(P>0.05):心理干预组IIEF-5评分较对照组显著提高(P<0.05).B组患者中,轻度ED患者潜伏期较正常值和A组延长(P<0.05),中度ED和重度ED患者潜伏期延长更加明显(P<0.05);处于临床早期的患者心理干预治疗组性功能的改善情况好于对照组(P<0.05),但是处于临床中、晚期的患者治疗组与对照组的差异不明显(P>0.05).结论:单纯腰椎疾患及临床早期马尾神经综合征患者性功能障碍的发生主要受心理因素的影响,而中晚期马尾神经综合征患者以神经功能损伤为主.心理治疗能够改善单纯腰椎疾患及临床早期马尾综合征患者的性功能,对处于临床中、晚期的马尾神经综合征患者效果不明显.     

大鼠脊髓损伤后白细胞介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α基因表达的变化

目的 探讨大鼠脊髓损伤后白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)mRNA表达的变化规律。方法SD大鼠42只,随机分为7组,采用改良Allen's脊髓损伤打击模型,以逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法测定伤段脊髓组织IL-1β、TNF-αmRNA的表达情况。结果 正常脊髓组织内存在IL-1β、TNF-αmRNA的表达,脊髓损伤后IL-1β、TNF-αmRNA表达迅速增强,在伤后1h达到高峰。结论 IL-1β、TNF-α存在于正常的脊髓组织内,脊髓损伤后IL-1β、TNF-α表达迅速增强,提示协同参与了继发性脊髓损伤过程,并可能是损伤性因素。     

Risk factors for postoperative ileus after oblique lateral interbody fusion: a multivariate analysis

Background ContextOblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF)–has become a widely used, efficient surgical tool for various degenerative lumbar conditions. Postoperative ileus (POI) is a relatively common complication after anterior lumbar interbody fusion due to the manipulation of the intestine during the surgical approach. However, to our knowledge, little is known about POI following OLIF even though it also involves bowel manipulation during a surgical procedure.PurposeTo assess the incidence of POI and identify independent risk factors for POI development after OLIF.Study Design/SettingRetrospective cohort study.Patient SampleAll consecutive patients who underwent OLIF and percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation from August 2012 until October 2019 at a single institutionOutcome MeasuresPatient demographics (sex, age, body weight, height, and body mass index), comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, antithrombotic medication, previous abdominal surgery, and previous lumbar surgery), and perioperative details (preoperative diagnosis, number of levels fused, inadvertent endplate fracture during cage insertion, type of interbody graft, intraoperative estimated blood loss, duration of surgery and anesthesia, the amount of intraoperative remifentanil and propofol used as anesthetic agents, the total postoperative retroperitoneal closed-suction drainage output, and the cumulative opioid dosage administered in the first 72 hours postoperatively).MethodsPOI was defined as 2 or more of the following at 72 hours postoperatively: (1) ongoing nausea or vomiting postoperatively, (2) the absence of flatus over last 24-hour period, (3) inability to tolerate an oral diet over last 24-hour period, (4) ongoing abdominal distention postoperatively, and (5) radiological confirmation. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: patients with POI and those without POI. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed on demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative factors to identify independent risk factors for POI.ResultsEighteen (3.9%) of 460 patients experienced POI after OLIF and percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation. Patients with POI had a significantly longer postoperative length of hospital stay than those without POI (8.61 ± 2.66 vs 6.48 ± 2.64, p = .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified inadvertent endplate fracture (adjusted odds ratio = 6.017, p = .001) and the amount of intraoperative remifentanil (adjusted odds ratio = 1.057, p = .024) as independent risk factors for the occurrence of POI following OLIF.ConclusionThis study identified inadvertent endplate fracture and the amount of intraoperative remifentanil as independent risk factors for the development of POI after OLIF.     

A clinical calculator for predicting intraoperative blood loss and transfusion risk in spine tumor patients

BACKGROUND CONTEXTSurgery for vertebral column tumors is commonly associated with intraoperative blood loss (IOBL) exceeding 2 liters and the need for transfusion of allogeneic blood products. Transfusion of allogeneic blood, while necessary, is not benign, and has been associated with increased rates of wound complication, venous thromboembolism, delirium, and death.PURPOSETo develop a prediction tool capable of predicting IOBL and risk of requiring allogeneic transfusion in patients undergoing surgery for vertebral column tumors.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGRetrospective, single-center study.PATIENT SAMPLEConsecutive series of 274 patients undergoing 350 unique operations for primary or metastatic spinal column tumors over a 46-month period at a comprehensive cancer centerOUTCOME MEASURESIOBL (in mL), use of intraoperative blood products, and intraoperative blood products transfused.METHODSWe identified IOBL and transfusions, along with demographic data, preoperative laboratory data, and surgical procedures performed. Independent predictors of IOBL and transfusion risk were identified using multivariable regression.RESULTSMean age at surgery was 57.0±13.6 years, 53.1% were male, and 67.1% were treated for metastatic lesions. Independent predictors of IOBL included en bloc resection (p<.001), surgical invasiveness (β=25.43 per point; p<0.001), and preoperative albumin (β=?244.86 per g/dL; p=0.011). Predictors of transfusion risk included preoperative hematocrit (odds ratio [OR]=0.88 per %; 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.84, 0.93]; p<0.001), preoperative MCHgb (OR=0.88 per pg; 95% CI [0.78, 1.00]; p=0.048), preoperative red cell distribution width (OR=1.32 per %; 95% CI [1.13, 1.55]; p<0.001), en bloc resection (OR=3.17; 95%CI [1.33, 7.54]; p=0.009), and surgical invasiveness (OR=1.08 per point; [1.06; 1.11]; p<0.001). The transfusion model showed a good fit of the data with an optimism-corrected area under the curve of 0.819. A freely available, web-based calculator was developed for the transfusion risk model (https://jhuspine3.shinyapps.io/TRUST/).CONCLUSIONSHere we present the first clinical calculator for intraoperative blood loss and transfusion risk in patients being treated for primary or metastatic vertebral column tumors. Surgical invasiveness and preoperative microcytic anemia most strongly predict transfusion risk. The resultant calculators may prove clinically useful for surgeons counseling patients about their individual risk of requiring allogeneic transfusion.